Chapter 5

Selection Of Varieties #2

POLYANTHA ROSES (ORLEANS TYPE)

Polyantha Roses (Orleans type) make very fine edgings, low borders, or massed effects, but in many climates they are so subject to mildew as to be not worth while. They sport freely, and so have become quite numerous. The best twelve have been chosen in the following list. The sports will often revert to the original colours.         

CAMEO	GOLDEN SALMON SUPERIEUB
CHATILLON ROSE	LOCARNO
DOLLY VARDEN	MARINUS
FRANS LEDDY	PAUL GRAMPEL
GLOIRE DU MIDI	RUBY
GLORIA MUNDI	SPARKLER

Hybrid Wichuraiana Roses

Hybrid Wichuraianas are nearly all climbers. Their long flexible canes make them adaptable to rockeries, sloping banks, old stumps, pillars, pergolas, arches, fences, hanging ovei walls and as weeping standards. In this, Excelsa has been preferred to the older mildew-ridden Crimson Rambler; Lady Gay has been omitted as being too much like Dorothy Perkins; Veilchenblau (Blue Veil) has been included for its unique colour; Cherub blooms freely in the spring and lightly in the autumn, while of the others only New Dawn is remontant to any extent; New Dawn was the first rose to be patented in the United States of America. All are very vigorous except Paul's Scarlet Climber, which can be used either as a climber or as a pillar rose. Amongst the few Hybrid Wichuraianas that are not climbers we find Australia Felix, Borderer, and Anne Van-derbilt, all of which have Wichuraiana grandparents.

The following are all climbers:   

ALBERTINE	EXCELSA
AMERICAN PILLAR	HEART OF GOLD
BLOOMFIELD COURAGE	NEW DAWN
CHERUB	PAUL'S SCARLET CLIMBER
DR W. VAN FLEET	ROMEO
DOROTHY PERKINS	VEILCHENBLAU

Roses As Shrubs

Any rose recommended in the lists for hedges or Floribundas will make a beautiful shrub. In addition, Emma Wright, William Orr (Plate 56), and Joyous Cavalier are very attractive. Several of the species ore both beautiful and unusual, for example R. moyesii, R. davidii and R. highdownensis for their blooms in spring and hips in autumn, R. chinensis viridflora for its green blooms, R. hugonis for its foliage are well as its flowers, R. damascena (Plate 63) for its perfume, R. hevigata (the Cherokee Rose), which can be grown as either a huge tangled bush or a climber, R. moschata (the Musk Rose), of similar habit, and the attractive Moss Roses.

Roses For Low Edgings

Beds devoted entirely to roses can appear unfinished at the edges. The following varieties are eminently suited for borderings to relieve this effect, or for low hedges. Heights are indicated in terms of inches. R. lawrancecma and R. rouletti are both varieties of R. chinensis minima and so, of course, are almost everblooming, but have poor resistance to black spot. Their flowers are flat and open. The former, red in colour, is said to have been taken to England from Mauritius in 1810, and was named in honour of Miss Lawrance, who was then so famous for her paintings of flowers. The latter was found by a monk in 1829 growing in a cottage window-box in Switzerland, but no one knows how it came to be there. It is smaller in habit than R. lawrancecma and its flowers are pink. Baby Faurax is nearer to blue in colour than any other rose produced yet.

The other roses in this list are all quite modern and their blooms are more pointed in form. As they become better known these little gems are attracting more and more attention. There is already quite a good range of colours. Borderer, an Australian variety, and the oldest of this list, excepting R. lawrance-ana and R. rouletti gives a profusion of blooms in shades of pink, copper, and amber. China Doll and Pinkie are somewhat alike; the latter is probably more free flowering. They, Little Princess and Sweet Fairy are pink. Peon, Midget, Maid Marion, and Perla de Alcanada are red, the latter two being very dark. The foliage of Perla de Alcanada is unusually fern-like. Falcon de Neige is white and Rosina is yellow.

BABY FAURAX (10-12)	OAKINGTON RUBY (6-9)
BABY SCARLET (8-I0)	PAM (8-10)
BOPEEP (8-10)	PEON (6-8)
BORDERER (l2-l8)	PERLE DE MONTSERRAT (6-8)
CHINA DOLL (12-18)	PERLA DE ALCANADA (9-12)
FALCON DE NEIGE (9-12)	POUR TOI (12-15)
LITTLE PRINCESS (9-12)	PINKIE (15-20)
MAID MARION (9-12)	PIXIE (6-9)
MON PETIT (6-8)	R. rouletti (6-9)
MIDGET (9-12)	R. lawranceana (6-9)
ROSADA (8-I0)	TINY TOT (6-8)
ROSINA (12-15)	TIP TOP (l2-l8)
SWEET FAIRY (9-12)

MRS NORRIS M. AGNEW. Plate 10 Top: Climbing LADY HILLINGDON. The top of a tripod. Bottom: Hips of R. rugosa. Plate 11

Roses For Hedge-Making

Roses for hedges must have a dense growing habit, with freedom and continuity of bloom. They should not resent being trimmed from time to time. The height of any rose hedge will vary according to whether it is cut back or in bloom. Berlin, Bonn, Elmshorn and Grandmaster are all very beautiful new varieties, raised by Wilhelm Kordes, and are suited more for use as specimen shrubs or for hedges than as conventional rose plants. The figures after each name denote the average height, in feet, to which each hedge may be grown. Singles are marked (S). Evergreens are marked (G).
                                           

BERLIN (5-9)	*MRS RUSSELL GRIMWADE
BONN (5-9)	(5-8) (G)
BUSYBODY (G)	PAPA GONTIER (4-6) (G)
CECILE BRUNNER (4-5)	R. hracteata (4-6) (climbing)
ELMSHORN (6-8)	(G)
GLADSOME (6-14) (climbing)	R. chinensis Plate  (3-6)
GRANDMASTER (6-8)	(G)
JEAN RENTON (4-6) (G)	*SUNNY SOUTH (6-10) (G)
*LORRAINE LEE (5-8) (G)	Any of the Grandifloras
MERMAID (4-8) (climbing)	And any of the Floribundas
(S, G)	listed on pp. 51-2.

Roses For Bedding Or Massing

Constant blooming, hardiness, and compact growth are essential. Masses or groups of one variety give the best effect. This is the ideal way to use Floribundas.                  

BRAZIL	OPHELIA AND FAMILY
*ENA HARKNESS (Plate 34)	*SPEK'S YELLOW
GENEVE	*VIRGO
GOLDEN REVELRY	WHITE ENSIGN
* JOSEPHINE BRUCE	WILLIAM ORR (Plate 56)
LUMIERE	All the Floribundas
*LYDIA	All the Orleans Polyanthas

Roses As Weeping Standards

Any of the climbing Hybrid Wichuraianas are suitable as weeping standards. They are budded on stocks five to six feet high, usually of R. canina.

Evergreen Screens

The climbers will, of course, need supports. Lorraine Lee hedges bloom more constantly than the climbing sport. Mermaid can be supported as a climber if a narrow hedge or screen is desired, or can be allowed to remain unsupported and form a thick dense mass.                                    

*Climbing LORRAINE LEE	* Hedge MRS RUSSELL
*Hedge of LORRAINE LEE	GRIMWADE
MERMAID	*NANCY HAYWARD (climber)
	R. bracteata

Miniature Roses

Miniature roses may be used in rockeries or as pot-plants as well as for borders for which purpose they have been listed already. They give best results when grown from cuttings; they are easy to propagate in this manner and give nice compact little bushes, less rank in growth than budded plants. These miniatures are often called "Fairy Roses", but must not be confused with Cecile Brunner, Perle d'Or and others, which are sometimes referred to by the same title. A list of recommended varieties is given under the heading "Roses for Low Edgings" on p. 53. Many of them grow to only very small plants. Those may be regarded as "Miniature Roses". Peon has been called Tom Thumb in the United States of America.

Species For Hips

Many Hybrid Teas produce attractive hips (seed-pods), which can be used for decorative purposes in late autumn and early winter when all flowers are so scarce, but none of them can compare with some of the species, which make more colourful shrubs than many plants commonly grown for their berries. Their foliage is often a little sparse, and so they can, with advantage, be mixed with other plants in decorative work. Their spring blooms are very attractive.

R. caiulata (big shrub; red single flowers)
R. davidii (climber or big shrub; pink single flowers)
R. highdownensis (climber or big shrub; dark-red single flowers)
 R. moschata (climber; white flowers, usually single) R. moyesii (climber or big shrub; ruby-red single flowers) R. verhergii (small shrub; cream single flowers).

Roses For The Cut-Flower Trade

Red Roses are always most popular for the cut-flower trade, but yellows, fancy "art" shades, and whites are in strong demand white less so than formerly. Varieties grown for this purpose must produce freely over long periods and must not resent constant cutting. They must be very hardy and disease-resistant. Overseas, vast numbers of roses are grown in glasshouses for the cut-flower trade. At least one firm is using this method in Australia. Radiance and Red Radiance are ideal from the grower's standpoint, and are giving many growers a living. The public desires more pointed varieties but is given very little option. This will continue while the demand exceeds the supply, that is until roses are grown for sale in sufficient numbers to allow the purchaser some choice. Crimson Glory (Plates 5, 56) is not a satisfactory variety for this trade. Varieties that produce blooms in the winter are marked (W). Almost all of the best Floribunda roses will probably be grown for the cut-flower trade in future, and likewise the Grandifloras.  

BRAZIL	*MRS RUSSELL GRIMWADE
CECILE BRUNNER	*NEW YORKER (Plate 17)
DAILY MAIL SCENTED	^RADIANCE
EMMA WRIGHT	RED RADIANCE
*ENA HARKNESS	SOUVENIR DE JACQUES VER-
ETOILE DE HOLLAND (W)	SCHUREN
GOLDEN OPHELIA	SOUVENIR OF STELLA GRAY
*LORRAINE LEE (W)	(W)
*MME L. DIEUDONNE	*TALISMAN
MRS DUNLOP BEST	*VIRGO

Roses As Garden Curiosities

R. viridiflora produces green flowers slightly larger than C6cile Brunner and makes a fine shrub six to eight feet high.

Roger Lambelin has dark-red blooms, each petal being edged with white. It is a Hybrid Perpetual, free-flowering and hardy.

R. huganis has beautiful foliage, making a handsome shrub of medium size. It bears light-yellow single blossoms about two inches in diameter.

R. mirifica (the Gooseberry Rose or Sacramento Rose) is peculiar in its blooms, foliage, and hips. The flowers are single.

 Their cerise petals contrast markedly with the deep-yellow stamens. The leaves and thorns are like those of the gooseberry.

R. mutabilis bears three-inch single blooms the colour of which changes as they age from cadmium-yellow in the bud to buff, rose-pink, and eventually crimson; flowers constantly on a two- to four-foot plant of usual Hybrid Tea habit; scented.

R. rugosa (the Hedgehog or Japanese Rose) Plate 11. There are several varieties of hybrids all bearing different blooms but similar hips of a highly coloured, large, round handsome type.

R. sericea -pteracantha is one of the few plants grown for the sake of the appearance of its thorns, which are immense, wide, and red, almost joining along its graceful branches. The small spaces between the thorns are crammed with moss-like fine spines; small fern-like foliage; this striking and unique shrub is three to four feet high.

R. watscmicma has very narrow feathery blue-green foliage quite unlike that of our garden roses; tiny, single, very pale-pink flowers in clusters; few thorns; the shrub is three to four feet high. The blooms are insignificant and useless.

There are many others, all interesting in one way or another, but these are examples of the most divergent types.

Special Comments On Some Varieties

No attempt is made here to describe any variety in full. The main intention is to point out some aspects of these roses that are peculiar to them, and seldom mentioned in catalogues. For descriptions, one must turn to the catalogues that give the fullest information.

ALASKA. A well-formed white seedling of Mme A. Meil-land, with a good healthy growth.

APRICOT QUEEN (Plate 59). Attractive wavy petals with scalloped edges. The colour is unique tones of bright salmon, apricot, pink, and chrome-yellow with light-yellow bases to the petals. The first crop of blooms is useless, because they all ball badly, but later flowers are very decorative and freely produced.

BADEN BADEN. Produced by the same hybridist as Crimson Glory, and somewhat similar in colour, but the plant is less susceptible to mildew.

BERYL FORMBY. A scarlet and gold sport of McGredy's Sunset.

BRAZIL. Purely a decorative variety, with the unusual feature of deepening in colour as the flowers age all the more unusual in a vivid bicoloured rose. The inner face of each petal is red and the reverse is bright yellow. A wonderful bedding rose.

CANNES FESTIVAL. A seedling of Mme A. Meilland which resembles the parent rose in most ways; it has less pink markings.

CHARLES MALLERIN. Raised from Tassin and Gloria di Roma, it inherits the dark colouring from the former, though this rose has much brighter petals towards the centre of the flowers, and, unfortunately, it has the soft pithy wood and leggy growth of Gloria di Roma. The petals are large and thick in texture but not so numerous as those of either parent. It opens well in all weathers and does not blue, but its form is not so consistently of exhibition standard as Tassin.

CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. Weak grower as a bush or standard, but the climbing sport is vigorous, highly disease-resistant and remontant. The highly scented dark-red blooms are flat and loosely formed, but this is still one of our best decorative roses, especially for massed effects in floral art.

CHRISTOPHER STONE. A most striking red for decorative purposes. The large crimson-scarlet blooms are seldom up to show standard. The climbing sport is possibly our best red climbing rose.

CONFIDENCE (Plate 6). A seedling of Mme A. Meilland and Michele Meilland, it has even better shape than the former, for the petals are longer, and it has much of the colouring of the latter. The massive petals are very pale pink on the reverse and light salmon pink inside. Vigorous and disease resistant. One of the best roses ever raised.

CRIMSON GLORY (Plates 5, 56). One of the finest red roses when well grown but it is often a failure. It seems to do best in heavy soil. Adverse weather causes blueing and turning inwards of the petals; the stems are often weak and it mildews readily. Even where it grows well, and despite its wonderful colouring, it is not a good rose for the cut-flower trade because it is slow to recommence growth for successive crops of blooms. The climbing sport is remontant and fairly vigorous.

DAME EDITH HELEN (Plate 13). The soft pithy wood, constitutional die-back, weak resistance to black-spot, and resentment of hard pruning bespeak Pernetiana ancestry. An outstanding show rose, but it needs very little manuring, watering, disbudding or pruning. Grows better when budded on to R. fortuni-ana or R. amina than on to R. indica major or R. tnultiflora. The blooms are useless until about Christmas-time, being coarse and malformed. The climbing sport is not to be recommended, for although it grows well it dies back badly and produces very few good blooms, for most of them come in the spring.

DR F. DEBAT. A very vigorous rose with beautifully formed blooms in shades of pale pink, coral and salmon with a darker reverse. Good pale pinks have been few in number.

EDITOR MCFARLAND (Plate 15). One of the best deep-pink roses. Highly resistant to all diseases, free-flowering, and up to show standard.

ENA HARKNESS (Plate 34). An outstanding red rose vivid scarlet-crimson which is much darker in dull weather. It never blues or fades, grows very strongly, blooms freely, and is often of exhibition quality on established plants. It came from the same seed-pod as William Harvey and Red Ensign but, although all are magnificent roses, Ena Harkness is the best for general purposes. The climbing sport is excellent.

FLAMING SUNSET. Another dark sport of McGredy's Sunset in shades of rich orange-red, scarlet, and gold with a paler reverse.

FONTANEIXE (Plate 36). Good deep yellow for garden and exhibition except in some humid climates, where it dies back. Blooms are often pale in spring. Most reliable when budded on R. ccmina or when grown as a climber.

GOLDEN HARVEST. Clear-yellow high-centred blooms that have great double-purpose value. The foliage is light coloured and the growth moderately vigorous. Dies back a little in humid areas.

GRANDE DUCHESSE CHARLOTTE. Very distinct, vivid tomato-red blooms that have too few petals for anything but purely decorative uses. Tall thin growth and resistant to diseases.

GRAND'MERE JENNY (Plate 37). A seedling from Mme A. Meilland, and somewhat like the parent rose except that the petals are fewer in number, larger and more heavily marked with pink. The long thin stems help to make this the better garden rose.

HECTOR DEANE. Beautiful combination of pink and yellow, but essentially a decorative rose. Attractive foliage on a vigorous plant.

HILL TOP. A fine double-purpose rose that has been overlooked. Predominantly buff yellow but shaded pink. Blooms are produced very freely and singly on long thin stems. Tall but not leggy in growth. Good foliage.

JOSEPHINE BRUCE. Not quite as dark or as large as Tassin or Charles Mallerin, but it is a far better garden rose than either. The flowers are perfectly formed and the bush is ideal in habit

JULIA FERRAN. Beautifully formed flowers in shades of orange and deep salmon. A wonderful show bloom that has good decorative qualities. Low growth and beautiful foliage, but it sometimes defoliates with black-spot.

Top: A bunch of OPHELIA. Bottom left: BRIARCLIFF, a champion bloom at a Perth show. Bottom right: POINSETTIA, another Perth bloom. Plate 12 Top: DAME EDITH HELEN. Bottom left; ELIZABETH ARDEN. Bottom right: COMTESSE VANDAL. Plate 13

JULIE STRAHL. Perfect form, delightful and uncommon salmon colourings, strong sweet perfume, and good growth are all somewhat spoilt by this rose being an inveterate head-hanger, rendering it useless for exhibition or decorative purposes unless wired.

KARL HERBST. A wonderful exhibition rose in vivid shades of crimson-scarlet. Unfortunately it burns badly in warm weather.

LADY GREENALL. Pale honey-coloured Tea rose with good clean growth, stiff stems, and strong perfume. In these days of gay colours a rose of this type still has a place.

LEADING LADY. Closely resembles Dame Edith Helen in all but colour, this rose being very pale pink. Purely a show rose.

LILAC TIME. The first Hybrid Tea rose in shades of near-blue (or lilac, lavender, or mauve). Medium sized blooms; good growth.

LORRAINE LEE. Australia's most popular rose, and yet it is almost unknown overseas, possibly because it cannot bloom throughout the year, the climates being too cold in winter for any rose to do so. Its Hybrid Gigantea breeding makes it an evergreen. Its blooms are most valuable in late winter and early spring, before other roses are ready to flower. To get these early blooms, one must not prune Lorraine Lee in the winter  a trimming in March and regular removal of spent flowers is all that is needed. Because of this different treatment Lorraine Lee is not advised as one of a row or bed of mixed varieties  it spoils the uniformity. It is best used as a shrub, as a hedge, or in a bed by itself. It will withstand the hardest cutting but needs only sufficient pruning to keep it tidy and reduced to the size desired. The climber does not bloom as continuously as the bush, and is a tremendous grower a row of bushes against a fence or wall usually is to be preferred to a climbing plant of this variety. See also Mrs Russell Grimwade.

LYDIA. A very free-blooming clear vivid-yellow with medium-sized flowers and perfect foliage a wonderful bedding rose.

MME A. MEILLAND (Plate 56). Considered by many to be the most perfect rose ever raised. Large yellow well-formed blooms with, at most times, the edges of the outer petals heavily marked with pink. As the flower ages the yellow fades and the pink spreads all over each petal. It should not be regarded as a yellow rose in show classes; it is really a "fancy" colour. Many seedlings of this yariety are really great roses too.

MME JEAN GAUJARD. One of the best-formed roses and an attractive bicolour, each petal having a chome-yellow outer aspect and a deep-cream inner surface. It is a tall grower and is extremely thorny. It dies back a little. A wonderful show rose.

MME L. DIEUDONNE. An extremely vivid bicolour, with its petals red on the inside and bright yellow on the reverse. Thin wiry growth. Not big enough for show purposes.

MARY. See comments on Orange Triumph.

MATADOR. A better rose than Etoile de Hollande, but it has been overlooked same shade of red, more petals, and better form.

MICHELE MEILLAND. Early blooms are fully double and of perfect show qualities, but later in the season they are much smaller and petallage is reduced. It is a pale pink with unique lilac shadings without any suggestion of fading or staleness, as so often comes with mauve or lilac in pink roses.

MINERVE. A seedling of Mme A. Meilland with a deeper shade of yellow and much more pink than in the parent.

MISS AUSTRALIA. A soft pale-pink seedling of Dame Edith Helen, much paler than the older rose but darker than Leading Lady. In all other respects similar to the other two roses.

MRS HENRY MORSE. One of the most beautiful roses in existence. A two-toned pink of perfect form. It is a low grower with, unfortunately, short stems and a tendency to mildew. The climbing sport is worth growing.

MRS NORRIS M. AGNEW (Plate 10). A well-formed deep pink. The petals reflex and are seldom damaged. It grows well and blooms freely. It should be better known.

MRS RUSSELL GRiMWABE. A sport of Lorraine Lee. It is darker and holds its colour better. Prune in the same way as Lorraine Lee.

MONTE CARLO. Another Mme A. Meilland seedling, but with almost no pink markings. Susceptible to black-spot.

NANCY HAYWARD. An evergreen Hybrid Gigantea climber. Pink, but at times almost red, it is one of the world's best single roses, an excellent cut flower, the flowers lasting longer indoors than those of many full-bodied roses, and the colour is particularly striking under artificial light.

NEW YORKER (Plate 17). An outstanding new red rose a vivid crimson. The growth is vigorous, with erect stems to carry the flowers.

OPHEUA (Plate 12) and family. There are many roses in this group, Ophelia, one of the oldest roses still in popular demand, is the palest and most delicate. Rapture is the most colourful, and John C. M. Mensing has the most petals. Hill Top and Polly are descendants of Ophelia, but have more chrome-yellow colouring than pink. Amongst the many other members of this group Mme Butterfly, Lady Sylvia, Annie Laurie, and Ophelia Supreme are probably the best known.

ORANGE TRIUMPH (Plate 4). The name is misleading under our climatic conditions for the colour is between scarlet and tango. It is a strong healthy-growing Floribunda. Many sports are appearing; none of them is as vivid as this rose, but the pink of Pacific Triumph or the soft salmon shade of Mary is much better for indoor decoration. Orange Triumph is still supreme when one desires a mass of brilliant colour.

PACIFIC TRIUMPH. See comments on Orange Triumph.

PICTURE (Plate 48). Excellent light-pink rose of good form, but small. Ideal for home or garden decoration or cut-flower trade. A perfect bedding rose. The climbing sport often reverts to the dwarf habit.

PILARIN VILELLA. A beautiful decorative rose in shades of copper, red, and pink; sometimes it is almost tan. Quite distinct.

POINSETTIA (Plate 12). A very vivid red rose with perfectly formed long pointed blooms and tall growth. Does best in warm weather.

POLLY. A descendant of Ophelia. The flowers are well formed and are made up of thirty good petals that are more chrome yellow than pink.

PRINSES BEATRIX. Long beautifully shaped double blooms of coppery apricot that retain their colour well. This rose could displace Souvenir de Mme Boullet, when well known.

PRINTEMPS. Like Venise, though the two roses are quite different, this is a bicolour in pastel shades. The semi-double blooms are well formed, and the petals are a soft salmon colour on the inside with lemon yellow on the reverse. Very beautiful.

PROVENCE. The medium-sized flowers of thirty-five petals are produced on long thin stems. Its colour is a vivid shade of copper with markedly darker reverse. A very beautiful rose for decorative uses.

RADIANCE. A globular type of rose that is really outmoded, but cut-flower growers favour it because of the ease with which it is grown. A rather hard two-toned pink.

RAPTURE. See comments on Ophelia.

RED ENSIGN. Large crimson flowers of exhibition form with reflexed petals, abundance of bloom, strong perfume, and good growth. A good rose, especially in the autumn.

RED RADIANCE. A dull-red sport of Radiance.

 SPEK'S YELLOW. A particularly vivid yellow rose. The blooms are rather small, but are well formed and freely produced. Strong, upright, healthy growth.

SUNNY SOUTH. Like Mrs Russell Grimwade and Lorraine Lee this is an excellent hedge rose, but it is less dense in growth and taller in habit. The pink blooms will open in any weather, but for indoor decoration they are best cut as buds.

SUZON LOTTHE (Plate 57). Large, richly fragrant and well-formed full blooms of an unusual, but very beautiful shade of pink overlaid with lavender and salmon. The colour is quite new in roses and is at its best in autumn. The plant is strong and healthy.

SYMPHONIE. Deep pink with a lighter reverse to each of the big thick petals, which build up a very fine bloom. Good growth.

Floribunda rose, GERANIUM RED. Plate 14 Tof. Polyantha rose of ROSE ORLEANS type. Bottom left: PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER. Bottom right: EDITOR MCFARLAND. Plate 15

TAHITI. Another seedling of Mme A. Meilland. Large, double blooms in colours that range from deep amber to copper, flushed with crimson, and that darken a lot as the flowers open. Usually the petals are scalloped.

TASSIN (Plate 53). The darkest well-formed rose yet released. It is at its best in summer and autumn. The flowers open slowly and the petals usually reflex nicely. Strong perfume. Vigorous growth with strong thin stems, few thorns and healthy dark foliage.

THE DOCTOR. One of the biggest flowers of all, but they seldom open evenly. Low growth with short stems. Beautiful uniform unfading mid-pink; very free blooming; strong perfume.

TZIGANE (Plate 22). Possibly the best double-purpose bi-colour rose so far. It is not as vivid as Mme L. Dieudonne nor as large as Forty-niner. Growth is not very vigorous.

VENISE. Small plants with very pretty flowers in two contrasting pastel shades. The interior is satin pink and the reverse is pale cream. Up to show standard.

VIRGO. Pure-white fragrant semi-double blooms with large thick petals. Often up to show standard. Possibly our best white rose today. The blooms are held erect and singly on good stems.

VIVE LA FRANCE. A striking combination of coppery red on the inner face of each petal with a bright yellow on the outside. Vigorous healthy plant.

WAVERLEY TRIUMPH. See comments on Orange Triumph.

WILLIAM HARVEY (Plate 40). Rich scarlet crimson with dark shadings. The huge blooms are freely produced, with high-pointed centres and rich perfume, but, despite the strong growth, the stems are often weak.

Varieties In Colour Groups

One is often asked to give a list of roses to an inexperienced grower for planting his garden, and, just as often, an inquiry is received as to what is the best rose of some specified colour. The following lists are given in an attempt to meet these requirements. The last of the lists, unclassified colours, comprises all those so-called fancy colours that are quite impossible to describe, as well as roses of mixed colourings not bicolours in the sense that each of the two sides of each petal are in sharply contrasting colours. Those roses fall into the list of bicolours. Of course, the best way to learn the colour of a rose is actually to see the variety, and that can be done best by seeing it growing, or at a rose show.

As a further guide, each name is followed by three numbers. These are points awarded out of a possible ten in each instance, for form, size, and general beauty respectively. They denote the performance of the variety in regard to good average blooms, and under favourable conditions of climate, environment and general care.

Dark Reds

*CHARLES MALLERIN (8, 10, 9)
* JOSEPHINE BRUCE (8, 9, 9)
*TASSIN (Plate 53) (9, 9, 9)

Medium To Dark Reds

*CRIMSON GLORY (Plates 5, 56) (8, 9, 9)
MALAR ROS (Plate 39), exhibition only, (10, 10, 8)
CHRISTOPHER STONE (5, 9, 8)
*RED ENSIGN (8, 10, 8)
ROUGE MEILLAND (9, 10, 9)
CHRYSLER IMPERIAL (8, 10, 9)
SCHLOSSER'S BRILLIANT (9, 9, 9)
*ENA HARKNESS (9, 9, 9)
*WILLIAM HARVEY (Plate 40)
FRED W. ALESWORTH (iO, 10, 9)   (9, 10, 8)
WILLIAM ORR (Plate 56) (8, 10, 9)
*KARL HERBST (Plate 50) (iO,10, 9)

Light Reds

CHARLES GREGORY (Plate 62)
LEONCE Colombier really (9, 7, 9)
a bicolour (4, 7, 9)
*NEW YORKER (8, 8, 9)
VALIANT (9, 8, 8)
*POINSETTIA (Plate 12) (9, 9, 8)

Deep Pinks

CHARLOTTE ARMSTRONG (Plate 18) (8, 9, 9)
PINK SPIRAL (9, 9, 8)
ROYALIST (9, 9, 8)
EDEN ROSE (9, 10, 8)
TEXAS CENTENNIAL red at times (7, 8, 7)
*EDITOR MCFARLAND (Plate15) (8, 9, 8)
UNA WALLACE (9, 8, 8)
MRS GEORGE GEARY (8, 9, 8)
WILLIAM MOORE (9, 9, 8)
PATRICK ANDERSON (Plates 16, 20) (9,9,7)

Medium Pinks

*DAME EDITH HELEN (Plate 13) exhibition only (9, 10, 8)
PINK CHARMING (9, 9, 9)
ROD STILLMAN (Plate 20) (8, 9, 8)
EULALIA exhibition only
VERSCHUREN'S PINK (8, 8, 8) (9, 9, 7)
WELLWORTH (8, 9, 9)

Light Pinks

*CONFIDENCE (Plate 6) (9 9 9)
*MISS AUSTRALIA exhibition only (9 9 7)
*DR. F. DEBAT (8, 10, 9)
*MRS HENRY MORSE (9, 7, 9)
KOROVO (7, 7, 9)
*OPHELIA (Plate 12) (9, 8, 9)
*LEADING LADY exhibition only (8, 10, 8)
*PICTURE (Plate 48) (9, 6, 8)
RAPTURE (9, 8, 9)
MASCOTTE (8, 9, 9)
*SUZON LOTTHE (Plate 57) (8, 9, 9)
*MICHELE MEILLAND (9, 8, 9)

Deep Chrome Yellow To Apricot

ETHEL SANDAY (9, 9, 9)
*PRINSES BEATRIX (8, 9, 9)
LADY BELPER (9, J, 8)
*PROVENCE (8, 7, 8)
MAHINA (Plate 54) (8, 9, 9)
SOUVENIR DE JACQUES VER- SCHUREN (6, 7, 9)
*MME JEAN GAUJARD exhibition only (9, 9, 8)
THAIS (8, 9, 9)

Rich Yellow

ELLINOR LE GRICE (6, 9, 8)
MCGREDY'S YELLOW (9, 9, 9)
GOLDEND DAWN (7,8,9)
MME PIERRE S. DU PONT (5, 6,8)
GOLDEND REVELRY (6,7,9)
HELVETTA (Plate 61) (7,9,8)
QUEBEC (9,8,8)
LUMIERE (5,9,8)
*SPEK’S YELLOW (6,7,8)
*LYDIA (5,7,9)

Pale Yellow To Cream

BURNABY (9, 9, 9)
MME YVES LATIEULE (9, 8, 8)
*FONTANELLE (Plate 36) (9,9,9)
chrome yellow in autumn
NARZISSE   exhibition only
HUNTER'S MOON (8, 8, 8)
LEONTINE CONTENOT (9, 7,8) (9, 10, 8)
PHOEBE (9, 7, 9)
SILVER JUBILEE (Plate 35) (9, 9, 8)
SIR HENRY SEGRAVE (9, 9, 8)  

White

BRIDAL ROBE (Plate 51) (9,10,8)
DORIS GRACE ROBINSON (9,9,7)
ELIZABETH ARDEN   exhibition only (9, 9, 7)
MME JULES BOUCHE (Plate 18)-pink flush(9, 8, 8)
MRS HAROLD BROCKLEBANK (9, 7, 8)
MRS HERBERT STEVENS (Plate 5) (9, 7, 8)
REGINA PACIS (9, 8, 7)
*VIRGO (8, 7, 9)  

Bicolours

*BRAZIL (6, 8, 9)
*TZIGANE (8,8,9)
FOURTY-NINER (7,9,7)
*VENISE (9,8,9)
*MME L. DIEUSONNE (6,8,8)
*VIVE LA FRANCE (6,8,8)
*PRINTEMPS (7,7,8)

Unclassified Colours

*APRICOT QUEEN (Plate 59) (4, 8, 7)
*BERYL FORMBY (4, 8, 8) and other dark sports of Mc-Gredy's Sunset such as Flaming Sunset.
*CANNES FESTIVAL (8, 9, 8)
CLAUDE (8, 9, 8)
COMTESSE VANDAL (Plate 13) (7, 9, 8)
GENEVE (6, 8, 8)
*GRAND'MERE JENNY   (Plate 37) (8, 9, 9)
HELENE DE ROUMANIE (6, 8, 8)
*HILL TOP (9, 8, 8)
*JULIA FERRAN (8, 9, 8)
*JULIE STRAHL   exhibition only (9, 9, 8)
 *LILAC TIME (mauve) (10,7,9)
*MME A. MEILLAND (Plate 56) (9,10,9)
MARJORIE LE GRICE (7, 9, 8)
*MINERVE (9, 8, 9)
MODERN TIMES (striped) (7,9,8)
MRS SAM MCGREDY (8, 8, 8)
OPERA (8, 9, 8)
*PILARIN VILELLA (2,7,9)
*POLLY (8,7,8)
PRELUDE (mauve) (5,9,8)
PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER (Plate 15) (7, 8, 7)
SERENADE (6,8,8)
SIGNORA PIERO PURICELLI (5, 8, 8)
*TAHITI (6, 8, 8)
ULSTER MONARCH (9, 9, 8)

The foregoing varieties are our best roses. Do you realize how few of them existed tweny-five years ago? It would be worth your while to check the year of introduction of each of them by referring to the main list in this chapter, and to remember, too, that the work of hybridists almost ceased during, and for several years after, World War II.

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